What is JSON?

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999. JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others.

Usage of Stored Procedures

Reduce network traffic: You have to send the SQL statement across the network. With sprocs, you can execute SQL in batches, which is also more efficient.

Caching query plan: The first time the stored procedure is executed, SQL Server creates an execution plan, which is cached for reuse. This is particularly performant for small queries run frequently.

Ability to use output parameters: If you send inline SQL that returns one row, you can only get back a recordset. With stored procedures you can get them back as output parameters, which is considerably faster.

Permissions: When you send inline SQL, you have to grant permissions on the table(s) to the user, which is granting much more access than merely granting permission to execute a stored procedure

Separation of logic: Remove the SQL-generating code and segregate it in the database.

Ability to edit without recompiling: This can be controversial. You can edit the SQL in a sproc without having to recompile the application.

Find where a table is used: With stored procedures, if you want to find all SQL statements referencing a particular table, you can export the stored procedure code and search it. This is much easier than trying to find it in code.

Optimization: It's easier for a DBA to optimize the SQL and tune the database when stored procedures are used. It's easier to find missing indexes and such.

SQL injection attacks: Properly written inline SQL can defend against attacks, but stored procedures are better for this protection.

What is IBATIS?

The iBATIS Data Mapper makes it easier to use a database with Java and .NET applications. iBATIS couples objects with stored procedures or SQL statements using a XML descriptor. Simplicity is the biggest advantage of the iBATIS Data Mapper over object relational mapping tools.

The iBatis framework is a lightweight data mapping framework and persistence API that can be used to quickly leverage a legacy database schema to generate a database persistence layer for your Java application. A set of XML encoded SQL Map files–one for each database table–holds SQL templates that are executed as prepared statements and map the expected results to Java domain classes. From application code, a layer of iBatis Data Access Objects (DAO) acts as the API that executes the SQL Map templates and assigns the results to the corresponding Java domain classes.

To enable communication among DAO layers and Sql Map layers, an XML configuration file describes each DAO interface and implementation class, as well as the location of a second XML configuration file that in turn points to each SQL Map file and contains the database connection information.

What is Linked List ?

Linked list is one of the fundamental concepts in the data structure. It consists of a set of nodes, each containing a 'data' field and one or two references (pointing to adjacent nodes). It is a self referential datatype since it contains reference(s) of the adjacent (next or previous) datum of the same type.

Advantage :
Advantage of linked list compared to conventional array are

• Insertions and deletions of nodes can be done at anywhere in the list.
• List size can be increased and decreased in runtime.
• Order of the linked items can be different from how it is stored in memory or disk, thus allowing the list of items to be traversed in different order.

Types of linked lists exist are Singly linked list, Doubly linked list and Circular linked list.

What is Delegate?

A delegate is a type that references a method.Once a delegate is assigned a method, it behaves exactly like that method. The delegate method can be used like any other method,with parameters and a return value.

Any method that matches the delegate’s signature,which consists of the return type and parameters,can be assigned to the delegate.

Delegates allow methods to be passed as parameters.It can be used to define callback methods.

Data Source Object

What is Data Source Object?

A data source object (DSO) is a Microsoft ActiveX object embedded within a Web page. It employs a process called data binding, in which an ActiveXControl communicates directly with another Web page, or with an external XML source.

In order to take advantage of DSOs, it is necessary to have Internet Explorer version 4.0 or later. Web developers commonly create their own DSOs. For example, an animated weather radar image from the National Hurricane Center can be displayed continuously on the home page of a municipal civil defense department, without the need for clicking on a link to get to the National Hurricane Center site.

Data source objects are sometimes used for the purpose of implementing This type of intrusion shows up on spyware detection programs as a DSO exploit. Such spyware can be difficult to eradicate, and if it is successfully removed, it often returns.

What is ViewState ?

ASP.NET view state is the technique used by an ASP.NET Web page to persist
changes to the state of a Web Form across postbacks.That is when a form is submitted in ASP .NET, the form reappears in the browser window together with all form values.

The ViewState indicates the status of the page when submitted to the server. The status is defined through a hidden field placed on each page with a <form runat=”server”> control.

Hidden field placed on each page would be something as this
<input type=”hidden” name=”__VIEWSTATE” value=”CEbzzzEnmmz+Bc8IDFlnpgCLJ/HB00.>

Maintaining the ViewState is the default setting for ASP.NET Web Forms. If you want to NOT maintain the ViewState, include the directive l%@ Page EnableViewState=”false” %> at the top of an .aspx page or add the attribute EnableViewState=”false” to any control.

What is "CLR(Common Language Runtime)"

Common language runtime is a .NET Framework run-time environment which manages the execution of programs written in any of several supported languages. Microsoft refers to its Common Language Runtime as a “managed execution environment.

Programmers writing in any of Visual Basic, Visual C++,or C# compile their programs into an intermediate form of code called Common Intermediate Language (CIL) in a portable execution (PE) file that can then be managed and executed by the Common Language Runtime.

The CLR’s just-in-time compiler (JIT compiler) converts the CIL code into code native to the operating system.The virtual machine aspect of the CLR allows programmers to ignore many details of the specific CPU that will execute the program.

The CLR also provides other important services,such as Memory management,Thread management,Exception handling,Garbage collection,Security.

What is PACS ?

PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) are computers or networks used for storing, retrieving, distributing and presenting of medical images (in DICOM format). Full PACS handle Dicom images from multiple modalities (like CT, MRI, US, PET...), where as Mini-PACS handle Dicom images from specific modalities. It replaces hard copy film archives and enables radiologist access remotely the patient images. It also interfaces with the HIS (Hospital Information System) and RIS (Radiologist Information System).

What is Tracing?

Tracing is a refined process for outputting page-level information.When tracing is enabled you automatically get information on the ASP.NET Web page. Information like:

Request Details - Session Id; Request time, type, and encoding; status code, etc.
Trace Information - Page-level ASP.NET messages that you specify via Trace.Write and Trace.Warn.
Control Tree - A listing of the Web controls on theASP.NET Web page,and how they relate to one another.
Cookies Collection - A listing of all of the cookies.
Headers Collection - A listing of all of the HTTP headers.
Server Variables - A listing of all of the server variables.

Trace statements are processed and displayed only when tracing is enabled. You can control whether tracing is displayed to a page, to the trace viewer, or both.

what is Spring Framework?

What is Spring Framework?

Spring is grate framework for development of Enterprise grade application. Spring is a light-weight framework for the development of enterprise-ready applications. Spring can be used to configure declarative transaction management, remote access to your logic using RMI or web services, mailing facilities and various options in persisting your data to a database.Spring framework can be used in modular fashion, it allows to use in parts and leave the other components which is not required by the application.

Feature of Spring Framework

What is DICOM?

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is a standard developed by NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) for distribution and viewing of medical images (such as CT, MRI, UltraSound, Xray...). The standard includes a file format definition and a communication protocol. The communication protocol uses TCP/IP to communicate between systems. The standard enables the integration of Modalities, Printer, PACS, Workstations, Server.

What Is ASP.Net?

ASP.NET is a web application framework built on the common language runtime used to build dynamic web sites, web applications and XML web services.ASP.NET is the next generation ASP, but it’s not an upgraded version of ASP.

ASP.NET is a program that runs inside IIS and is a part of Microsoft’s .NET platform. ASP.NET allows you to use a full featured programming language such as C# (pronounced C-Sharp) or VB.NET to build web applications easily. An ASP.NET file has the file extension “.aspx” .

ASP.NET makes it simple to use XML for data storage, configuration and manipulation. The tools which are built into ASP.NET for working with XML are very easy to use.
Best of all, ASP.NET pages work in all browsers including Netscape, Opera, AOL, and Internet Explorer.

Visual Studio 2005 adds the productivity of Visual Basic-style development to the Web. Now you can visually design ASP.NET Web Forms using familiar drag-drop-double-click techniques, and enjoy full-fledged code support including statement completion and color-coding. VS.NET also provides integrated support for debugging and deploying ASP.NET Web applications.

What is Server-side scripting?

Server-side scripting is a web server technology where the script runs directly on the web server to generate dynamic HTML pages.While client-side scripting runs by the viewing browser.

Server-side scripting Provide’s security since your server code cannot be viewed from a browser.With server-side scripting,you can Dynamically edit, change or add any content to a Web page and can access databases and return the results to a browser.

eg: ASP,PHP..